Evolution Site - Teaching About Evolution
Despite the best efforts of biology teachers, there are still misconceptions regarding evolution. People who have absorbed pop science nonsense often assume that biologists don't believe in evolution.
This rich Web site, which is a complement to the PBS program, provides teachers with materials which support evolution education, while avoiding the kinds of misconceptions which hinder it. It's laid out in a "bread crumb" format to facilitate navigation and orientation.
Definitions
Evolution is a complicated and difficult subject matter to teach well. It is often misunderstood by non-scientists, and even some scientists are guilty of using an interpretation that is confusing the issue. This is especially relevant to discussions about the nature of the word.
It is therefore crucial to define the terms that are used in evolutionary biology. Understanding Evolution's website helps you define these terms in an easy and helpful manner. The website is a companion to the show that premiered in 2001, but also functions as an independent resource. The content is presented in a way that assists in navigation and orientation.
The site defines terms like common ancestor (or common ancestor), gradual process and adaptation. These terms help to frame the nature of evolution and its relation to other concepts in science. The site gives a comprehensive overview of the ways the concept of evolution has been examined. This information can help dispel myths created by creationists.
You can also consult a glossary that includes terms that are used in evolutionary biology. These terms include:
Adaptation: The tendency of heritable characteristics to become more adaptable to a specific environment. This is a result of natural selection. Organisms with better-adapted characteristics are more likely than those with less adapted traits to survive and reproduce.
Common ancestor (also known as common ancestor) The most recent ancestor that is shared by two or more species. The common ancestor can be identified through analyzing the DNA of these species.
Deoxyribonucleic acid: A huge biological molecule that contains the information required for cell replication. The information is stored in nucleotide sequences that are strung into long chains known as chromosomes. Mutations are the reason behind the creation of new genetic information inside cells.
Coevolution: A relationship between two species where evolutionary changes in one species are dependent on evolutionary changes in the other. Examples of coevolution are the interactions between predator and prey, or parasite and host.
Origins
Species (groups which can interbreed) change through a series natural changes in the traits of their offspring. The changes can be caused by a variety of causes, including natural selection, genetic drift and mixing of genes. The evolution of a new species can take thousands of years, and the process may be slowed or increased by environmental conditions such as climate change or the competition for food or habitat.
The Evolution site traces through time the evolution of various groups of animals and plants, focusing on major transitions within each group's past. It also focuses on the human evolutionary roots and humans, a subject that is crucial for students to understand.
When Darwin wrote the Origin of Species, only a handful of antediluvian human fossils had been found. The skullcap that is famous, along with the bones that accompanied it were discovered in 1856 in the Little Feldhofer Grotto of Germany. It is now regarded as an early Homo neanderthalensis. It is unlikely that Darwin was aware of the skullcap, which was published in 1858, a year after the first edition of The Origin.
The site is primarily one of biology however, it also has many details on geology and paleontology. The website has a number of aspects that are quite impressive, such as an overview of how climate and geological conditions have changed over the course of time. It also features a map showing the distribution of fossil groups.
The site is a companion for a PBS television series, but it could be used as a resource by teachers and students. The site is very well-organized and has clear links between the introductory material in Understanding Evolution (developed with support from the National Science Foundation) and the more specific components of the museum's Web site. These hyperlinks make it easy to move from the cartoon style of Understanding Evolution pages into the more sophisticated worlds of research science. In particular there are links to John Endler's experiments with Guppies that demonstrate the importance of ecology in evolutionary theory.
Diversity
The evolution of life has resulted in an array of plants, animals and insects. Paleobiology is the study of these creatures within their geological environment offers many advantages over the current observational or experimental methods for exploring evolutionary processes. In addition to exploring the processes and events that happen regularly or over a long period of time, paleobiology can be used to study the relative abundance of various species of organisms and their distribution throughout the geological time.
The website is divided into different routes that can be taken to study the subject of evolution. One of these paths, "Evolution 101," guides the user through the evolution of nature and the evidence of evolution. The path also explores misconceptions regarding evolution, and also the history of evolutionary thought.
Each of the main sections of the Evolution website is equally well-developed, and includes materials that can be used to support a variety of levels of curriculum and teaching methods. The site offers a wide array of multimedia and interactive resources, including animations, video clips and virtual laboratories as well as general textual content. The content is laid out in a nested bread crumb style that facilitates navigation and orientation within the large Web site.
For example, the page "Coral Reef Connections" provides a comprehensive overview of coral relationships and their interactions with other organisms. It then narrows down to a single clam that can communicate with its neighbours and respond to changes in water conditions that take place at the level of the reef. This page, along with the other multidisciplinary interactive and multimedia pages gives a good introduction to a variety of topics in evolutionary biology. The content also includes an explanation of the role of natural selection as well as the concept of phylogenetic analysis which is a crucial method to understand evolutionary changes.
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For biology students the concept of evolution is a major thread that connects all branches of the field. A vast collection of books helps in teaching evolution across all life science disciplines.
One resource, which is a companion to the PBS television series Understanding Evolution, is an outstanding example of a Web site that provides depth and breadth in its educational resources. The site offers a variety of interactive learning modules. It also features an encased "bread crumb" structure that helps students move from the cartoon style of Understanding Evolution to elements on this huge site that are more closely linked to the field of research science. Animation that introduces the concept of genetics, which links to a page that highlights John Endler's artificial-selection experiments with guppies on native ponds in Trinidad.
The Evolution Library on this website is a vast multimedia library of materials that deal with evolution. The content is organized into the form of curriculum-based pathways that are in line with the learning objectives outlined in the standards for biology. It includes seven short videos specifically designed for use in the classroom, and can be streamed for no cost or purchased on DVD.
A variety of crucial questions remain in the midst of evolutionary biology, including the factors that trigger evolution and how fast it happens. This is particularly relevant for humans' evolution, where it was difficult to reconcile religious beliefs that held that humanity has a special place in the creation and a soul, with the idea that innate physical traits originated from Apes.
There are a myriad of other ways evolution can occur including natural selection, which is the most widely accepted theory. Scientists also study other types such as genetic drift and sexual selection.
Although many scientific fields of study have a conflict with the literal interpretations of religious texts, the concept of evolution biology has been the subject of intense debate and opposition from religious fundamentalists. Certain religions have embraced their beliefs to evolution while others haven't.